50+ Uplifting Morning Blessings Bible Verses for Daily Strength
Morning is more than the start of another day. Morning blessings bible verses remind you that every sunrise is a fresh gift from God, filled with new mercy, fresh hope, and renewed strength. Whether you need peace before work, courage for a difficult season, or a quiet moment with the Lord, Scripture offers timeless encouragement that speaks to every heart. These carefully chosen verses and blessings will help you begin each day with faith, deepen your trust in God’s promises, and keep your mind focused on His unfailing love as you walk confidently through whatever lies ahead.
A peaceful morning often shapes the rest of your day. Reading God’s Word before daily responsibilities begin allows your heart to rest in His truth instead of life’s uncertainties. Morning blessings rooted in Scripture are more than kind words. They are biblical promises that remind believers of God’s faithfulness, protection, wisdom, and constant presence.
Throughout the Holy Bible, faithful servants such as King David, Moses, Isaiah, and the Apostle Paul consistently turned to God early in the day. Their prayers reflected dependence, gratitude, and confidence in God’s guidance.
Psalm 5:3 beautifully expresses this daily habit:
“In the morning, Lord, you hear my voice; in the morning I lay my requests before you and wait expectantly.”
When you begin each day with Bible verses, you choose faith over fear, peace over anxiety, and hope over discouragement. Even a few quiet moments spent reading Scripture can renew your perspective and strengthen your Christian faith before facing life’s responsibilities.
These verses can help you:
Strengthen your relationship with Jesus Christ.
Remember God’s mercy that is new every morning.
Find comfort during stressful seasons.
Receive wisdom before making important decisions.
Build confidence through God’s promises.
Grow in daily devotion and spiritual maturity.
Fill your heart with gratitude before the day begins.
Whether you read one verse or spend time in a complete morning devotional, allowing the Word of God to guide your first thoughts creates a strong spiritual foundation that carries throughout the day.
25 Uplifting Morning Blessings Bible Verses for Daily Strength ✨
Every verse below reminds us that God’s grace never runs out. Read them slowly, reflect on their meaning, and let each promise strengthen your heart before the day unfolds.
Psalm 118:24: “This is the day the Lord has made; we will rejoice and be glad in it.” Begin today with gratitude, knowing every new sunrise is another opportunity to witness God’s goodness and walk faithfully in His purpose.
Lamentations 3:22-23: “Because of the Lord’s great love we are not consumed… His mercies are new every morning.” Yesterday does not define you. God’s compassion greets you with every sunrise, offering forgiveness, hope, and another chance to trust Him completely.
Isaiah 41:10: “Fear not, for I am with you.” Whatever challenges await today, remember that God walks beside you, strengthens your spirit, and holds you securely through every uncertainty.
Proverbs 3:5-6: Trust the Lord with your whole heart instead of depending on limited understanding. As you surrender today’s plans to Him, He faithfully directs each step along the right path.
Joshua 1:9: Be strong and courageous because the Lord your God remains with you wherever today’s journey leads, whether through celebration, difficulty, or unexpected change.
Philippians 4:6-7: Replace worry with prayer. As you bring every concern before God with thanksgiving, His peace guards both your heart and your thoughts throughout the day.
Matthew 6:33: Seek God’s kingdom before chasing temporary success. When Christ becomes your highest priority, everything else falls into its proper place.
Romans 8:28: Even when circumstances seem confusing, God continues working behind the scenes for the good of those who love Him and faithfully follow His calling.
Psalm 23:1: “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.” Rest confidently knowing your Shepherd provides exactly what you need, even when the future feels uncertain.
Psalm 143:8: Ask the Lord to reveal His unfailing love every morning and show you the path He desires for your life today.
Isaiah 40:31: Those who place their hope in the Lord receive renewed strength, allowing them to endure with courage and unwavering faith.
Philippians 4:13: Through Christ’s strength, you can face difficult conversations, demanding responsibilities, and unexpected challenges with confidence rather than fear.
Romans 15:13: Allow the God of hope to fill your heart with joy and peace as your trust in Him grows stronger each day.
Hebrews 11:1: Faith gives confidence even before answers appear. Trust that God is already working, even when you cannot yet see the outcome.
2 Corinthians 5:7: Walk by faith instead of relying only on visible circumstances, remembering God’s promises never fail.
James 1:5: If you need wisdom this morning, ask God sincerely. He gives generously without finding fault.
Psalm 90:14: Pray that God’s steadfast love satisfies your soul early in the morning, allowing joy to remain with you throughout the day.
John 14:27: Christ offers lasting peace that the world cannot provide. Receive His calm presence before beginning today’s responsibilities.
1 Thessalonians 5:16-18: Choose joy, continue praying, and give thanks in every circumstance because this reflects God’s will for your life.
Psalm 46:1: God remains your refuge and strength, always ready to help whenever difficulties arise.
Deuteronomy 31:8: The Lord goes ahead of you, never abandoning or forgetting His children as they walk through life’s journey.
Romans 12:12: Remain joyful in hope, patient during hardship, and faithful in prayer because God’s timing is always perfect.
Colossians 3:15: Let the peace of Christ rule your heart today, guiding every decision with wisdom and grace.
Ephesians 6:10: Find your strength in the Lord rather than your own abilities, knowing His power never grows weak.
Psalm 121:2: Your help comes from the Lord, the Creator of heaven and earth, whose care never sleeps and whose protection never fails.
Short Morning Blessings Bible Verses for Everyday Encouragement 🌅
Some mornings are busy, yet even one verse can redirect your thoughts toward God. These short passages are easy to memorize, perfect for daily Bible reading, sharing with loved ones, or including in your morning prayer.
“Trust in the Lord forever.” Isaiah 26:4. His faithfulness extends far beyond today’s circumstances and into every season of life.
“The Lord bless you and keep you.” Numbers 6:24. A timeless blessing asking God to surround you with protection, peace, and favor throughout every moment of the day.
“Be still, and know that I am God.” Psalm 46:10. Pause before rushing ahead and remember that God remains in complete control.
“Rejoice always.” 1 Thessalonians 5:16. Joy grows when your heart stays focused on God’s goodness instead of temporary circumstances.
“The Lord is my light.” Psalm 27:1. Walk confidently because God’s light guides every step you take today.
“Pray without ceasing.” 1 Thessalonians 5:17. Keep your heart connected to God through simple conversations throughout the day.
“The joy of the Lord is your strength.” Nehemiah 8:10. Your deepest strength comes from God’s presence, not your own abilities.
“Cast all your anxiety on Him.” 1 Peter 5:7. Release today’s worries because your Heavenly Father lovingly cares for every detail of your life.
“My help comes from the Lord.” Psalm 121:2. When challenges appear, remember that your greatest source of strength never changes.
“God is our refuge and strength.” Psalm 46:1. Whatever happens today, you already have a secure place to rest in Him.
Every woman carries responsibilities that often go unseen. Whether she is caring for her family, building a career, pursuing her dreams, or walking through a difficult season, God’s Word reminds her that she is deeply loved, wonderfully created, and never alone. These blessings combine Scripture with heartfelt encouragement to help her begin each morning with confidence and peace.
May the Lord fill your heart with unshakable peace today. As you trust Him with every decision, may His wisdom guide your steps, His grace strengthen your spirit, and His love remind you that you are precious in His sight.
May Proverbs 3:5-6 encourage you to surrender every plan to God today. Even when the road seems uncertain, He faithfully directs those who place their complete trust in Him.
May your morning begin with joy instead of worry. Let God’s mercy renew your heart, His promises calm your fears, and His presence become your greatest source of confidence throughout the day.
May Jesus Christ surround you with favor wherever you go. May every conversation reflect kindness, every challenge increase your faith, and every opportunity reveal God’s perfect timing.
As you read Isaiah 41:10, may fear lose its hold over your heart. Remember that God is holding your hand, strengthening your soul, and walking beside you through every moment.
May your home overflow with peace, your heart remain thankful, and your faith continue to grow as you seek the Lord first each morning.
May God’s grace refresh your spirit after every disappointment. Instead of dwelling on yesterday, may you embrace today’s new beginning with hope and courage.
May the Holy Spirit give you wisdom beyond your understanding, patience during difficult moments, and joy that remains steady regardless of changing circumstances.
May every sunrise remind you that God’s plans are still unfolding. He has not forgotten your prayers, your dreams, or the promises He has spoken over your life.
May you discover fresh strength through Philippians 4:13 and confidently face every responsibility knowing Christ supplies everything you need for today.
Faith grows stronger when it is shared. Sending a Scripture-based blessing to a friend can encourage them more than you realize. Whether they are celebrating success or carrying heavy burdens, these blessings remind them that God remains faithful every single morning.
May God bless you with renewed hope today. May every challenge become an opportunity to witness His faithfulness, and may His peace remain with you from sunrise until evening.
I pray Psalm 121 reminds you that your help always comes from the Lord. Whatever you face today, may His protection surround you and His strength carry you forward.
May your faith become stronger than your fears today. Trust that God is already preparing the answers to prayers you have faithfully lifted before Him.
May the Lord fill your home with laughter, your heart with gratitude, and your life with countless reminders of His goodness throughout this beautiful day.
As you begin your morning, may every anxious thought be replaced with confidence in God’s promises, and may His peace guard your heart according to Philippians 4:6-7.
May your friendship with Christ deepen each day. As you spend time in His Word, may you find wisdom for every decision and comfort for every concern.
May God’s blessings overflow in your family, your work, your health, and every area of your life. May His favor open doors that no one else can close.
Remember today that you are never walking alone. The Lord goes before you, walks beside you, and remains behind you, faithfully guarding every step.
May the joy of the Lord become your strength this morning. Even if life feels uncertain, His promises remain firm and His love never changes.
I pray your day is filled with unexpected moments of kindness, answered prayers, and clear reminders that God is working for your good in every situation.
Inspirational Morning Bible Verses to Start Your Day with Hope 🌞
Some mornings require more than motivation. They require truth that anchors the soul. These Inspirational morning Bible verses remind you that God is present before the day begins, offering strength, wisdom, and lasting hope through every circumstance.
Psalm 5:3, Begin Every Morning in Prayer
David declared, “In the morning, Lord, you hear my voice.” This verse teaches that prayer should become our first response, not our last resort. Bringing your requests before God early creates peace that stays with you throughout the day.
Lamentations 3:22-23, God’s Mercy Is New Every Morning
Every sunrise is evidence of God’s unfailing compassion. His mercy is never exhausted by yesterday’s failures. Instead, He welcomes His children with forgiveness, hope, and another opportunity to walk faithfully beside Him.
Isaiah 40:31, Find New Strength in the Lord
Waiting on God is never wasted time. Those who place their confidence in Him receive renewed spiritual strength to continue running the race of faith without giving up.
Matthew 6:33, Put God First
When you seek God’s kingdom before everything else, your priorities become clearer. Worry begins to lose its influence because your confidence rests in the One who faithfully provides every need.
Romans 8:28, Trust God’s Bigger Plan
Life does not always make sense in the moment. Yet this promise reminds believers that God is continually working behind the scenes, weaving every circumstance together for His glory and for the good of those who love Him.
Morning Blessings Bible Verses KJV 📖
The Morning blessings bible verses kjv are treasured for their poetic language and timeless message. Many believers enjoy beginning their day with the King James Version because its words inspire reverence and remind us of God’s unchanging faithfulness. These verses encourage you to place your confidence in the Lord before anything else competes for your attention.
Psalm 5:3 (KJV)
“My voice shalt thou hear in the morning, O Lord; in the morning will I direct my prayer unto thee, and will look up.”
David teaches us to begin each morning with prayer and expectation. Rather than carrying today’s burdens alone, place them before God and trust Him to guide your steps.
Lamentations 3:22-23 (KJV)
“It is of the Lord’s mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not. They are new every morning: great is thy faithfulness.”
Every sunrise is proof that God has not abandoned His people. His mercy is fresh, His compassion never runs dry, and His faithfulness remains constant through every season.
Psalm 143:8 (KJV)
“Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust.”
This prayer reminds believers to seek God’s voice before listening to the noise of the world. Trust begins by hearing His promises before facing life’s responsibilities.
Proverbs 3:5-6 (KJV)
“Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding.”
Some answers may not come immediately, but God never asks you to understand everything. He asks you to trust Him completely, knowing His wisdom far exceeds your own.
Isaiah 41:10 (KJV)
“Fear thou not; for I am with thee: be not dismayed; for I am thy God.”
Fear loses its power when God’s presence becomes your focus. His strength, help, and righteousness remain available every morning.
The Morning blessings bible verses niv offer clear, modern language while preserving the life-changing truths found throughout Scripture. They are ideal for personal devotions, family Bible study, or sharing with friends who want practical encouragement to begin the day with faith.
Psalm 118:24 (NIV)
“This is the day the Lord has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it.”
Joy is a choice rooted in gratitude. Regardless of today’s circumstances, every new day is another opportunity to experience God’s goodness.
Joshua 1:9 (NIV)
“Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the Lord your God will be with you wherever you go.”
God’s presence travels with you into every meeting, every challenge, and every unknown situation. You never face the day alone.
Philippians 4:6-7 (NIV)
“Do not be anxious about anything…”
Prayer replaces panic with peace. As you surrender every concern to God, He guards your heart and mind with a peace beyond human understanding.
Matthew 6:33 (NIV)
“But seek first his kingdom and his righteousness…”
Success becomes more meaningful when your first priority is pleasing God. As you honor Him, He faithfully provides for your needs according to His perfect will.
Romans 8:28 (NIV)
“And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him…”
Even difficult chapters have a purpose. God weaves every experience into His greater plan, producing growth, maturity, and hope for those who remain faithful.
Busy mornings should never keep you from spending time with God. These Short morning verses to start the day are easy to remember and powerful enough to keep your heart centered on Christ throughout your daily routine.
Psalm 27:1
“The Lord is my light and my salvation.”
Start the day with confidence instead of fear. God’s light reveals the right path even when the future seems uncertain.
Psalm 46:10
“Be still, and know that I am God.”
Before checking your schedule or responding to messages, pause. Quiet your heart and remember who is in control.
Psalm 121:2
“My help comes from the Lord.”
When today’s responsibilities seem overwhelming, remember your greatest source of strength is never limited by human ability.
1 Thessalonians 5:16
“Rejoice always.”
Joy is not determined by perfect circumstances. It grows through daily gratitude and unwavering trust in God’s promises.
Hebrews 11:1
“Now faith is confidence in what we hope for.”
Faith allows you to move forward with courage, even when you cannot yet see how God will answer your prayers.
Colossians 3:15
“Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts.”
Allow God’s peace to guide your conversations, decisions, and attitudes from the moment your day begins.
James 1:5
“If any of you lacks wisdom, you should ask God.”
Before making important decisions today, seek the Lord. He delights in giving wisdom to those who ask with sincere hearts.
Deuteronomy 31:8
“The Lord himself goes before you.”
Take comfort knowing God has already prepared the path ahead. His guidance reaches tomorrow long before you arrive there.
Even a single verse can change the direction of your day. These Short inspirational morning Bible verses are ideal for quiet reflection, journaling, prayer, or sharing with someone who needs encouragement before the day begins.
Psalm 90:14
“Satisfy us in the morning with your unfailing love.”
Every morning is an invitation to experience God’s love before anything else demands your attention. When your heart is filled with His presence, joy naturally follows throughout the day.
Isaiah 26:3
“You will keep in perfect peace those whose minds are steadfast.”
Peace is found by fixing your thoughts on God rather than your circumstances. A focused heart remains calm even when life becomes unpredictable.
Romans 15:13
“May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in him.”
Hope grows stronger as your trust deepens. God’s peace is not based on perfect situations but on His perfect character.
John 14:27
“Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you.”
Jesus offers a lasting peace that the world cannot provide. Carry that promise with you into every conversation and every decision today.
Psalm 37:5
“Commit your way to the Lord.”
Give today’s plans to God before you begin. His direction is always wiser than your own understanding.
2 Corinthians 5:7
“For we walk by faith, not by sight.”
Not every answer appears immediately. Continue trusting God’s promises, even when you cannot yet see the outcome.
Proverbs 16:3
“Commit to the Lord whatever you do.”
Invite God into your work, relationships, and responsibilities. A surrendered day becomes a peaceful day.
Psalm 19:14
“May these words of my mouth and this meditation of my heart be pleasing in your sight.”
Ask God to shape your thoughts before they become your words. A heart rooted in Scripture speaks with kindness, wisdom, and grace.
How to Create a Daily Morning Devotion with Scripture 🙏
A meaningful morning devotion does not require an hour of free time. Consistency matters more than length. Even 10 to 15 minutes spent with God each morning can transform your spiritual life over time.
Here is a simple routine you can follow every day.
1. Begin with a Simple Prayer
Before opening your Bible, ask the Holy Spirit to give you understanding and prepare your heart.
A simple prayer can be:
“Lord, thank You for this new day. Open my heart to Your Word, strengthen my faith, and help me live according to Your will today. In Jesus’ name, Amen.”
2. Read a Portion of Scripture
Choose one chapter from Psalms, Proverbs, the Gospels, or Paul’s letters.
Good places to start include:
Psalm 23
Psalm 91
Psalm 121
Proverbs 3
Matthew 5
John 15
Philippians 4
Romans 8
Read slowly instead of rushing through several chapters.
3. Reflect on One Key Verse
Ask yourself:
What does this verse teach me about God?
How does it apply to my life today?
Is there a promise I should remember?
Is there an action God wants me to take?
Writing one sentence in a journal helps the lesson stay with you throughout the day.
4. Pray God’s Word Back to Him
Turn Scripture into a personal prayer.
For example, after reading Isaiah 41:10, you might pray:
“Father, thank You for promising to strengthen and help me. When fear tries to distract me today, remind me that You are always with me.”
Praying Scripture builds confidence because your prayers align with God’s promises.
Choose one verse to memorize or save on your phone.
Repeat it:
Before work
During lunch
While driving
Before important meetings
Before going to bed
Meditating on one verse all day allows God’s truth to shape your thoughts and decisions.
Benefits of Reading Bible Verses Every Morning 🌿
Beginning your day with Scripture does far more than establish a healthy habit. It gradually changes the way you think, respond, and trust God in everyday life.
You Begin with Peace Instead of Pressure
The first few minutes after waking often shape your attitude for the rest of the day. Reading Scripture before checking emails or social media fills your mind with God’s truth rather than stress.
Your Faith Becomes Stronger
Faith grows through regular exposure to God’s Word. Daily reading reminds you of His promises, His character, and His faithfulness across every season of life.
Your Decisions Become Wiser
The Bible provides practical wisdom for relationships, work, finances, and personal growth. Seeking God’s guidance each morning helps you make choices that honor Him.
Anxiety Loses Its Grip
Verses such as Philippians 4:6-7 and Isaiah 41:10 remind believers that God is present in every situation. As prayer becomes your first response, worry gradually gives way to trust.
Gratitude Becomes Natural
When each day begins by remembering God’s blessings, your perspective changes. Instead of focusing on what is missing, you begin noticing His provision, kindness, and countless daily mercies.
Your Relationship with God Deepens
Like any meaningful relationship, your walk with God grows through consistent time together. Morning devotion creates space to hear His voice through Scripture and respond with worship and prayer.
You Become a Source of Encouragement
A heart filled with God’s Word naturally encourages others. The verses that strengthen you each morning often become the words someone else needs to hear later in the day.
Beginning your day with God’s Word is one of the simplest yet most meaningful ways to strengthen your faith. Whether you read one verse or spend time in a longer morning devotion, Scripture reminds you that God’s love, grace, and mercy are available every single day. His promises remain true regardless of your circumstances.
The Bible repeatedly encourages believers to seek the Lord early. From King David’s morning prayers in Psalms to the teachings of Jesus Christ and the letters of the Apostle Paul, Scripture points us toward a life built on faith, hope, and trust in God.
As you make these morning blessings Bible verses part of your daily routine, you’ll begin to notice subtle but lasting changes. Peace replaces worry. Wisdom guides your decisions. Gratitude becomes more natural. Most importantly, your relationship with God continues to grow through consistent time in His presence.
Choose one verse each morning. Read it slowly. Pray over it. Memorize it. Then carry it with you throughout the day, allowing God’s Word to shape your thoughts, strengthen your heart, and remind you that His mercies truly are new every morning.
May every sunrise draw you closer to the Lord, fill your heart with lasting hope, and encourage you to walk confidently in His perfect will.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the Bible verse for good morning blessing?
One of the best Bible verses for a good morning blessing is Psalm 118:24: “This is the day the Lord has made; let us rejoice and be glad in it.” It encourages believers to greet each new day with gratitude, joy, and confidence in God’s goodness. Other popular morning verses include Psalm 5:3, Lamentations 3:22-23, and Psalm 143:8, all of which remind us to seek God’s presence as the day begins.
2. What Bible verse is good for mornings?
Psalm 5:3 is one of the most meaningful Bible verses for mornings because it highlights the importance of beginning the day with prayer and expectation before God. Other excellent choices include Proverbs 3:5-6 for guidance, Isaiah 41:10 for courage, Philippians 4:6-7 for peace, and Matthew 6:33 for keeping God first throughout the day.
3. What is a powerful Bible verse for blessings?
Numbers 6:24-26 is widely regarded as one of the most powerful blessing passages in the Bible. It asks God to bless, protect, shine His face upon His people, and give them peace. Lamentations 3:22-23 and Deuteronomy 28:2 are also powerful reminders that God’s blessings flow from His faithfulness and His promises to those who trust Him.
4. What are powerful morning blessings?
Powerful morning blessings are prayers or Scripture-based declarations that invite God’s guidance, peace, wisdom, protection, and favor into your day before facing life’s responsibilities. Many believers combine verses like Psalm 118:24, Isaiah 41:10, and Philippians 4:13 with personal prayers, asking the Lord to strengthen their faith, guard their hearts, and lead every step.
5. What are the best morning blessings Bible verses?
Some of the most encouraging morning blessings Bible verses include Psalm 5:3, Psalm 118:24, Lamentations 3:22-23, Proverbs 3:5-6, Isaiah 41:10, Joshua 1:9, Philippians 4:6-7, Romans 8:28, Matthew 6:33, and Psalm 23. Each verse focuses on trusting God, receiving His mercy, finding strength through Christ, and beginning every day with hope.
6. Which Psalm is best to read every morning?
Many Christians begin their mornings with Psalm 5 because it emphasizes prayer at the start of the day. Psalm 23, Psalm 91, Psalm 121, and Psalm 143 are also excellent choices for finding comfort, protection, guidance, and peace. Reading a Psalm each morning helps center your heart on God’s faithfulness before daily distractions begin.
7. How can I start my day with God?
Start your day by thanking God for a new morning, reading a passage from Scripture, praying over your plans, and reflecting on one verse to carry throughout the day. Even spending 10 to 15 minutes in God’s presence each morning can strengthen your faith, renew your perspective, and prepare your heart for whatever lies ahead.
8. Which Bible version is best for morning devotions?
The best Bible version is the one you will consistently read and understand. Many people enjoy the NIV because of its modern language, while others appreciate the timeless beauty of the KJV. Translations such as ESV, NKJV, and NLT are also excellent choices for daily devotions and personal Bible study.
9. Can I use morning Bible verses in my daily prayers?
Yes. Praying Scripture is a meaningful way to align your prayers with God’s Word. Reading a verse and turning it into a personal prayer helps deepen your trust in God’s promises and strengthens your daily walk with Christ. For example, after reading Isaiah 41:10, you can ask God to replace fear with courage and to guide your decisions throughout the day.
10. Why are God’s mercies described as new every morning?
Lamentations 3:22-23 teaches that God’s compassion never fails and His mercies are renewed every morning. This means every new day is an opportunity to receive His forgiveness, grace, strength, and hope, regardless of yesterday’s mistakes. It reminds believers that God remains faithful even when circumstances change.
11. How do morning Bible verses strengthen faith?
Morning Bible verses renew your mind before daily pressures arise. By reading God’s promises first, you develop greater trust, stronger hope, and a deeper awareness of His presence throughout the day. Over time, this consistent habit builds spiritual maturity and helps you respond to life’s challenges with biblical wisdom instead of fear.
12. What is the best Bible chapter to read every morning?
There is no single best chapter, but Psalm 23, Psalm 91, Psalm 121, Romans 8, Philippians 4, John 15, Proverbs 3, and Matthew 5 are among the most recommended chapters for daily morning devotions. These chapters provide encouragement, practical wisdom, peace, and lasting reminders of God’s love and faithfulness.
